Torch races, short distance local relays of religious 
significance, were occasionally included in Greek 
athletic festivals but were never part of the ancient 
Olympic  programs.  Since the Berlin Games of 1936, 
the modern torch relay has symbolically linked the 
Games to its ancient past.  Today, runners in cross 
country relays bring a lighted torch from the valley of 
Olympia, Greece to the host nation.  Thousands of 
runners take part in the journey, representing Greece 
and every country that lies between it and the host 
nation.  Planes and ships transport the torch over 
mountains and seas; otherwise the torch is carried by 
individuals.  The final runner carries the torch into the 
stadium during the opening ceremonies, circles the 
track, and lights the Olympic flame, which burns until 
the end of the Games.  

A different torch is created for each Olympics  and 
incorporates a range of technologies and design 
influences.  In ancient times, the Greeks used torches 
made of wood soaked in resin.  Nowadays, more 
modern combustibles are used, developed to comply 
with various requirements such as safety, ignition, and 
the desired color of the flame.  As a backup, a second 
flame is always kept in a safety lamp.  If one of the 
torches should go out, it may be rekindled using this 
lamp.